Windows

WINDOWS 7 INSTALLATION 

A clean install is intended for users who want to freshly install Windows on their computer (by deleting all of the data on the hard disk and then installing Windows) or computers that do not have an operating system yet.

1. 
   
   
   Enter your computer's BIOS. Turn off the computer that you want to install Windows on then turn it back on. When the BIOS screen appears or you are prompted to do so, press Del, Esc, F2, F10, or F9 (depending on your computer’s motherboard) to enter the system BIOS. The key to enter the BIOS is usually shown on the screen.
2. 
   Find your BIOS's boot options menu. The boot options menu of your BIOS may vary in location or name from the illustration, but you may eventually find it if you search around.
   • If you can't find the boot options menu, search the name of your BIOS (most likely located in the BIOS menu) online for help.
3. 
   Select the CD-ROM drive as the first boot device of your computer.
   • Although this method may vary among computers, the boot options menu is typically a menu of movable device names where you should set your CD-ROM drive as the first boot device. It can also be a list of devices that you can set the order of their boot on. Consult a manual or the internet for help if you're stuck.
4. 
   Save the changes of the settings. Press the button indicated on the screen or select the save option from the BIOS menu to save your configuration.
5. 
   Shut off your computer. Either turn off the computer by choosing the shut-down option in your current operating system, or hold the power button until the computer powers off.
6. 
   Power on the PC and the insert the Windows 7 disc into your CD/DVD drive.
7. 
   Start your computer from the disc. After you have placed the disc into the disc drive, start your computer. When the computer starts, press a key if you are asked if you would like to boot from the disc by pressing any key. After you choose to start from the disc, Windows Setup will begin loading.
   • If you are not asked to boot from the disc, you may have done something wrong. Retry the previous steps to solve the problem.
8. 
   Choose your Windows Setup options. Once Windows Setup loads, you'll be presented with a window. Select your preferred language, keyboard type, and time/currency format, then click Next.
9. 
   Click the Install Now button.
10. 
    Accept the License Terms. Read over the Microsoft Software License Terms, check I accept the license terms, and click Next.
11. 
    Select the Custom installation.
12. 
    Decide on which hard drive and partition you want to install Windows on. A hard drive is a physical part of your computer that stores data, and partitions "divide" hard drives into separate parts.
    

    • If the hard drive has data on it, delete the data off of it, or format it.
      • Select the hard drive from the list of hard drives.
      • Click Drive options (advanced).
      • Click Format from Drive options.
    • If your computer doesn't have any partitions yet, create one to install Windows on it.
      • Select the hard drive from the list of hard drives.
      • Click Drive options (advanced).
      • Select New from Drive options.
      • Select the size, and click OK.
13. 

Install Windows on your preferred hard drive and partition. Once you've decided on where to install Windows, select it and click Next. Windows will begin installing.

WINDOWS 7 ENVIRONMENT

Desktop: The desktop is the user's work area for their programs. It's not a way to promote awareness of your program or its brand. Don't abuse it!The desktop is the onscreen work area provided by Microsoft Windows, analogous to a physical desktop. It consists of a work area and taskbar. The work area may span multiple monitors.

Taskbar: The taskbar is the access point for programs displayed on the desktop. With the new Windows 7 taskbar features, users can give commands, access resources, and view program status directly from the taskbar. The taskbar is the access point for programs displayed on the desktop, even if the program is minimized. Such programs are said to have desktop presence. With the taskbar, users can view the open primary windows and certain secondary windows on the desktop, and can quickly switch between them.

Notification Area: The notification area provides notifications and status. Well-designed programs use the notification area appropriately, without being annoying or distracting. The notification area is a portion of the taskbar that provides a temporary source for notifications and status. It can also be used to display icons for system and program features that have no presence on the desktop. Items in the notification area are referred to as notification area icons, or simply icons if the context of the notification area is already clearly established.

Control Panels: Use control panel items to help users configure system-level features and perform related tasks. Programs that have a user interface should be configured directly from their UI instead. With Control Panel in Microsoft Windows, users can configure system-level features and perform related tasks. Examples of system-level feature configuration include hardware and software setup and configuration, security, system maintenance, and user account management. The term Control Panel refers to the entire Windows Control Panel feature. Individual control panels are referred to as control panel items. A control panel item is considered top-level when it is directly accessible from the control panel home page or a category page.
A typical control panel item. The control panel home page is the main entry point for all control panel items. It lists the items by their category, along with the most common tasks. It is displayed when users click Control Panel in the Start menu. A control panel category page lists the items within a single category, along with the most common tasks. It is displayed when users click a category name on the home page. Control panel items are implemented using task flows or property sheets. For Windows Vista and later, task flows are the preferred user interface (UI).

Help: Use Help as a secondary mechanism to help users complete and better understand tasks—the primary mechanism being the UI itself. Apply these guidelines to make the content truly helpful and easy to find. A Help system is composed of various types of content designed to assist users when they are unable to complete a task, want to understand a concept in more detail, or need more technical details than are available in the UI. In this article, we refer to Help as secondary to UI. The UI is primary because that is where users first try to solve their problems. They consult the Help system only if they can't accomplish their task with the UI.

User Account Control: A well designed User Account Control experience helps prevent unwanted system-wide changes in a way that is predictable and requires minimal effort. With User Account Control (UAC) fully enabled, interactive administrators normally run with least user privileges, but they can self-elevate to perform administrative tasks by giving explicit consent with the Consent UI. Such administrative tasks include installing software and drivers, changing system-wide settings, viewing or changing other user accounts, and running administrative tools. In their least-privileged state, administrators are referred to as Protected administrators. In their elevated state, they are referred to as Elevated administrators. By contrast, Standard users can't elevate by themselves, but they can ask an administrator to elevate them using the Credential UI. The Built-in Administrator account doesn't require elevation.

APPLICATION INSTALLATION

Step 1 : Installing From a CD/DVD/BD/HD/USB:

Insert the Disc you have to the Drive of the System, if your Disc is Bootable, then you will have the Auto play Dialog Box, If not Just Brows it through Computer and Locate the Program you need to Install, This Will be Applicable to programs which are Stored in your Pen-drives also.


Installing by Following the Instructions: 

Follow the Auto-play/Selecting it from Disc instructions,and correctly follow the Instructions, if it's asked for the Permissions, please provide it and read any information which is provided by windows 7.

Tip:
If your windows 7 is not happy with what you are installing, just Re-validate it by your self and Install. Now your Installed program can be found at Start > Program > All program or simply by typing the name at search box.

Installing a Program which is Downloaded from Internet/Available in PC:

Find the File you have Downloaded/Available in your PC


Double-Click it, for Windows to allow the program to Run.
Follow the Instructions and Finish the Set up.

DOS OPERATION

Command and Usage	Examples
ATTRIB Change file attributes. '+' adds an attribute, '-' removes it. Attributes are: A=archive; R=read only; S=system; H=hidden.	ATTRIB -R -A -S -H <VIRUS.EXE> All these attributes will be removed from virus.exe.
C: Go to the C: drive. Similarly A: and D: etc.	C:
CD Change directory. When you change directory, the prompt changes, showing the path of the directory you are currently in. Note, directory is the term used by DOS for what Windows calls a folder.	CD\ takes you to the top of the directory tree (typically to C:) . CD.. moves you one level up the directory tree (i.e. up towards the root directory). CD <DIRECTORYNAME> takes you to that directory. You can use one or more subdirectory names, separated by \ e.g.  CD WINNT\Media takes you to the directory C:\WINNT\Media To change to another path, type the full path with slashes. e.g.  CD \WINDOWS\SYSTEM
CLS Clear the screen.	CLS
DEL Delete one or more files in the current directory. Can be used with the '*' and the '?' wildcards. DEL *.* will delete ALL files in the current directory, USE WITH CAUTION. (Note: DEL cannot be used to delete directories. Use RD to remove a directory.)	DEL <VIRUS.EXE> deletes virus.exe DEL *.JPG will delete all files with the extension JPG. DEL MY*.* will delete all files beginning with MY and with any extension. DEL MY??.* will delete files that are 4 characters long and begin with MY and with any extension.
DIR Displays the contents of a directory (folder). Note, directory is the term used by DOS for what Windows calls a folder. These switches can be combined, so DIR /W /P will return multiple rows listing a page at a time. You can use the '*' and the '?' wildcards to search for a particular file. The ? character represents ONE character, and the * character represents multiple characters. DIR *.* lists all the files in a directory.	DIR displays all files and folders in the current directory. Folders are indicated in the list by <DIR>. Files are usually listed by name. DIR /P displays the contents a page at a time, i.e. as many as will fit in your command line window. Press any key to display the next page. DIR /W displays the files/folders in multiple rows. This view gives less information per file. DIR *.JPG displays all files with the extension JPG in the current directory and all subdirectories. DIR MY??.* displays all files beginning with MY, exactly 4 characters long, and with any extension. DIR /S lists the contents of all subdirectories. DIR /AH displays all hidden files.
EDIT Runs DOS EDIT (a simple text editor). Useful for editing batch files and viewing logs. This command requires QBASIC.EXE to be present.	EDIT <VIRUSLOG.TXT> opens the file viruslog.txt and allows you to edit it. EDIT <NEWFILE.TXT> creates a new file called newfile.txt and opens it up for you to edit.
HELP Displays DOS Help. For help on an individual command, type HELP then the command for which you want more information.	HELP DIR displays information on the DIR command.
MD Make directory. Creates a new directory below the current one. (The command can also be written as MKDIR)	MD <NEWDIR> creates a new directory called Newdir.
PRINT Prints the specified file (if the printer is supported in DOS - many are not).	PRINT <LOGFILE.TXT> Prints LOGFILE.TXT
RD Remove directory. Removes a subdirectory of the current directory. The directory you want to remove must be empty of all files. (The command can also be written as RMDIR)	RD <DIRECTORYNAME>
RENAME Rename a file. You must use the full file name including the suffix.	RENAME <OLDNAME.EXE> <NEWNAME.EXE>
TYPE Displays the contents of a file on the screen. If you use this command on a file which is not a text file, the display will be unintelligible. Use with "|MORE" to display the text on a page by page basis, and prevent it scrolling off the screen. "|" is a pipe character.	TYPE C:\README.TXT|MORE
> When you run a DOS command, output is usually sent to the screen. Use > to redirect output from the screen to a file. It runs the command preceding the >, creates a file in the current directory with the name you specify, and sends the information/output returned by the command, to that file.	COMMAND > FILENAME.TXT e.g. SWEEP > REPORT.TXT The details of any infected files reported by SWEEP are sent to a file called REPORT.TX